Assistive technology can be either a “device” or a “service.” A device refers to any item, equipment, or system that enhances, maintains, or improves the functional abilities of individuals with disabilities. Assistive technology devices allow people with disabilities to perform tasks better and for longer periods.
Augmentative or alternative communication devices provide speech assistance for individuals unable to speak independently. Telecommunications devices such as TDDs (telecommunications devices for the deaf), TTYs (text telephones), and television decoders enhance communication and social interaction for those with hearing impairments. Alerting systems use lights or vibrations to warn individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing about potential dangers. For people with communication disabilities, these technologies offer greater independence and improved accessibility to community resources and employment opportunities.
Robotic arms and environmental control systems can turn lights on and off, open doors, and operate household appliances. Orientation and location systems provide essential information to individuals with vision impairments about their immediate environment, such as the condition of the ground or the presence of nearby curbs.
Assistive technology also includes modifications to buildings, rooms, and facilities, enabling individuals with visual impairments greater mobility and allowing people of short stature or wheelchair users easier access to public telephones, elevators, and other amenities. Access to shopping centers, businesses, schools, recreational facilities, and transportation systems is often made possible through assistive technology modifications.
Assistive technology is commonly perceived as expensive, highly noticeable, and challenging to learn about, find, or use. Indeed, some “high tech” devices can be costly, prominent, and complex. Examples include:
- motorized wheelchairs
- communication boards
- assistive listening systems
- environmental control systems
- adapted vehicles
However, “low tech” devices are typically affordable and straightforward to use. Examples include:
- velcro
- large print materials
- talking calculators
- big button phones
- magnifiers
- tape recorders
- adapted eating utensils
- dressing aids
- adapted writing aids
- canes
- walkers
Simple solutions can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities.